Ethernet Variations
Ethernet technology started with using the costly coaxial cables. Now it is possible to carry ethernet frames over cost-effective and cheaper twisted pair cables supporting...
Ethernet Bridges
Ethernet bridge is a fast computer with two Ethernet interfaces and a fixed program that improve upon the functions of repeaters by replicating the packets,...
Ethernet addressing and frame format
Ethernet Addresses refers to the unique physical/hardware address assigned or hardcoded on to the Ethernet interface card in 48 bits machine readable form. Physical ethernet...
Collission detection and Recovery in Ethernet
Ethernet data transmission enabled by TCP/IP is a best-effort delivery method. i.e the sender is given no information about whether the data packets were received...
Ethernet Hardware and basic architecture
A cross section of a Ethernet cable is as shown below – Ethernet is typically a 10Mbps local area packet switched network technology. The cross...
LAN, WAN and MAN
WAN (Wide Area Network) connects machines over widely separated geographical locations. A WAN usually consists of various packet switches installed at various points on the...
Differences between TCP/IP internet services and others
TCP/IP internet services and other internetworking services can be compared on the basis of following features of TCP/IP internet – Network Topology Independence While TCP/IP...
Internetworking
Internetworking is the technology that makes it possible to interconnect many disparate physical networks with diverse underlying hardware technologies and make them function as a coordinated...
ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN, though not popular in US, it is still one of the most popular data communication networks in UK, India and many other European countries....
Basics setup of Mobile Communication services
One of the fastest growing telecommunication industry is obviously mobile radio communication. Below figure shows a basic architecture of such a mobile communication network –...
Digitized Telephone services
In the past, we had manual exchanges which involved a great task in switching and routing of calls to various subscribers that increased network traffic...
Evolution of Data Communication Systems
Almost all of the Data communication systems across the world evolved from Telegraph systems. Later with developments in the telephone systems, it was now possible...
Data Communication – Basic Definition and setup
Data communication is the function of transporting digital signal from one digital device to another. Data transmission and data communications means two different things. Data...
Simple HTTP log analyzer
Here is a simple light weight HTTP analyzer written in PHP. I wrote this to brush up my skills writing schedulers for a typical LAMP...
Stack Vs Heap
Stack and Heap refers to 2 distinct memory areas utilized by an executing program based on the data type of data that it deals at...
How to stop bulk spam emails to my mail account?
If you are not one of the people who have had the bad experience of having your email account being subjected to a bulk spam...
MVC Architecture
MVC architecture has been in place since past 4 decades or so when GUI (Graphical Use Interfaces) started to be used widely. The idea is simple...
Constructor overloading in C#
Constructors need to be overloaded depending on what extend of data/properties need to be initialized in order to set the object to a particular state....
Code Reuse via Composition in C#
Composition is a common object oriented concept that enables us to implement loose coupling as well as code-reuse. Lot of times we recommend our developers...
Constructor Inheritance in C#
Like any other Object Oriented Programming language, C# does not allow parent constructor to be automatically inherited. It need to explicitly defined in the derived...
C# Generics
C# Generics are really useful when we want to reuse a class for different types and with constraints on what those types would be without...
C# Inheritance
We generally apply the concept of inheritance to implement a IS-A relationship. For example to implement a relationship that says an Apple is a Fruit...
C# Interfaces and how to implement loose coupling by Dependency (specific implementation of interface) injected via constructor overloading
Interface is a similar language construct such as class, but fundamentally different from a class. Some people claim that Interface is a way to implement...
C# Abstract Classes Vs Interfaces
We use abstract classes when the base class can’t have concrete implementation and that we need the derived class to fully implement it. If at...
Simple Stop Watch implementation in C#
Below is a simple stop watch implemented in C#, enjoy!StopWatch using System; namespace StopWatchApp { public class StopWatch { public DateTime StarTime { get; set; } public DateTime StopTime { get; set; } public string ClockState { get; set; } public void StartClock() { if(this.ClockState == "started") throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid Operation"); this.StarTime = DateTime.Now; this.ClockState = "started"; }...
Simple Workflow Engine Implementation in C#
Below is a simple implementation of work flow engine using interfaces and the concept of injecting overloaded class implementations via the dependent class method. The...
Data Types, Variables, Primitive Type, Non-Primitive Type, Reference Type and Value Type
Every programming language allows to define and classify data so we can use it appropriately in various parts of the program in the correct form...
Building your Employee
Your Employee is your company’s pillar who keeps your company going and succeed. Their happiness, joy and right mental state is the core to your...
Using Code First first
Traditional ways of software development focus on DB-first implementation methodology. But we are in the realm of latest developments and ORM models has taken us...
Using Extension Methods in C#
Extension methods are a way to add methods to a class without changing its source code or adding it into a derived class. Creating extension methods example...
C# Events and Delegates
We use events and delegates to extend applications and to implement loose coupling. Rather than adding various method calls within an implementation and then recompiling the class,...
Using C# Delegates
Delegates is a way to support addition of multiple features (eg: methods) to a framework without the need to recompile the core class that...
Preferred Multithreading in C# ASP.NET
Parallel execution has been one of the core techniques of programming languages that enables and stabilizes the heavy orchestrated flow of information across information management...
Software Project Size
Software Project Size is of great importance since it determines the level of management controls and the types of tools and technologies required for a...
Effort Devoted To Building Software
Studies show that more effort is devoted to software maintenance (including software enhancement, adaption to new technologies and bug fixing) than for software development activities...
Software Engineering then and now
Software Engineering is and will be the backbone and driving force behind the technological advancements that we enjoy and that will lead us to greater...
Importance Of Design Patterns
Design patterns in general helps you to implement standardized and efficient solutions to software design and programming problems. Design patterns are not pure inventions like...
C# Lambda expressions
Lambda expressions are anonymous methods that does not have access modifiers, name or a return. They are used for convenience (less code) and makes code...
Data warehousing – Defining data
Two kinds of definitions relevant to data warehouse design are the definition of business terms and definition of data elements. Data element definitions help the...
Data warehousing – Data warehouse Project Management
Characteristics of successful data warehouse projects generally include the following aspects – Clear business justification for the project ie. measurable benefits must be defined for...
DATA WAREHOUSE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE – Ongoing maintenance and changing user requirements
Ongoing maintenance is the final phase of creation of a data warehousing system. The ongoing maintenance of data warehouse generally involves constant loading of new...
DATA WAREHOUSE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE – Design and implementation-Engineering
Once the application is well defined, data warehouse developers are able to begin making technical decisions about building the logical & physical design of the...
DATA WAREHOUSE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE – System study & Analysis-Pre-engineering
Pre-engineering is the time to define the goals of the application, to make the initial analysis of the system and make other decisions. This includes...
Data warehousing – IMPORTANCE OF DATA WAREHOUSING IN IT
Data warehousing has a great relevance in IT since it provides an Integrated Information management solution that aids in providing the right information, in the...
Data warehousing – OLTP systems and Datawarehousing
We shall compare the ordinary OLTP systems & the Data warehouse systems w.rt the type of data that they handle and shall point out how...
Data warehousing – Concept
In the present day competitive & technology centric information age, business enterprises are realising that the enterprise data is valuable resource just like other resources...
Data warehousing – Data warehousing technology
Throughout the history of systems development, the primary emphasis had been given to the operational systems (simple OLTP -Online transact ion processing systems) and the...
Data warehousing – Project Scope
A typical project scope for Data warehousing is as below – Title: APPLYING DATA WAREHOUSING The major goal & effort on working on the project is to...
Data warehousing – Need for Data warehousing
The need for an effective information management solution is of top priority in today’s changing & competitive business environment. Various Information systems like OLTP systems,...
How to do Hospital Wiring?
Ok, here is a definitive article on how to set up Hosptial wiring – hands on. Read on – List of material needed – 1)...
Tunnel Wiring
Here is a definitive way to set up Tunnel Wiring by yourself – List of Materials needed 1) 230 V, 5A SPDT switches – 3...
Hands on Wiring – Godown Wiring
Ok, here is a definitive article on how to set up godown wiring – hands on. Read on – List of material needed – 1)...
Fuse is provided only in phase and never on nuetral, Why?
The main function of a fuse is to protect the electrical appliances connected in a building from damage by blowing out under faulty or high voltage...
Wiring Practice – Staircase wiring
A simple and practical way to set up staircase wiring is explained here. To operate a lamp from two different points by two switches at...
Sample Linux server (web centric) back up script in PERL
Below is a sample, detailed, PERL script for backing up your web centric Linux server. It includes ways to creating tgz of required areas, pushing...
Paper – Server Synchronization Technology for a Distributed server architecture (DSA)
Requirement: Company xyz has now decided to extend the current system as distributed server architecture, expanding over 46 locations. There will be a central server...
Sample Linux-Apache-PHP-DB2 installation instructions
Below is detailed customized installation for Linux-DB2 – 1. Suggested PC configuration for medium sized installations – P4 or above – 256 MB or above...
Sample (cheap) Web application architecture
A sample customized web application architecture is as shown below – As shown above, all the three tiers of the web server architecture, namely database...
Sample PL/SQL script for cleaning a detail table referring a master table
Have you ever had a need to write a PL/SQL snippet to clean a table. If you are in need, here is one below –...
Sample Perl program for cleaning database on a routine basis
Here is a samlpe Perl Program that gives you an outline on how to deal with cleaning DB on a routine basis (ofcourse scheudled via...